Blastocyst Culture and Transfer is a part of In-vitro fertilization treatment, which is considered to improve the chances of pregnancy rate. It allows single embryo transfer and thereby reduce the risk of multiple pregnancy.

What is Blastocyst?
Blastocyst is a highly developed embryo that consists of 70-100 cells and has the potential to anchor to the uterine lining of the womb. It is highly differentiated into two cell types: The outer layer of cells (Trophoectoderm), which forms the future placenta and the inner cell mass forms the foetus.

Formation of Blastocyst:
In naturally conceived pregnancy, the egg is released from the ovarian follicle and picked up by the fallopian tube, where it is fertilized by the sperm. Upon fertilization, the zygote tend to divide from single cell to two and so on, at regular interval as they move from fallopian tube towards uterine wall.

At the blastocyst stage of development the embryo reaches the uterus and spontaneously hatch from the outer shell zonapellucida and attach itself to the uterine wall.

What are the benefits of blastocyst and transfer?

In recent times, the better understanding of the dynamic physiology of human embryos has led to the development of culture systems and incubation techniques. It is because of this improved extended culture conditions that it is now possible to yield blastocyst with greater consistency.

Extending the duration of culture system for blastocyst formation has various benefits over Day 3 embryos

• Increase implantation rate and live birth rate
• Opportunity to select most viable embryo for transfer
• Allows better synchronization between the embryo and endometrium
• Allows transfer of single embryo (or max two embryos) transfer, thereby reducing the higher order multiple pregnancy.

What are the disadvantage of Blastocyst transfer?

• Blastocyst transfer does not guarantee a positive outcome.
• It has been shown that only 50% of the embryos progress to blastocyst stage. There are chances that the embryos might fail to reach blastocyst stage leading to cancellation of embryo transfer.
• Extended cultures result in very few or no embryos for cryopreservation.
• There is a small increased risk of mono-zygotic twinning.

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