Hysteroscopic surgery is a medical procedure that allows doctors to examine and treat conditions inside the uterus. It is performed using a tool called a hysteroscope, a thin, tube-like instrument equipped with a light and a camera. This minimally invasive technique is commonly used to diagnose and address various uterine issues.

What Is Hysteroscopy?

Hysteroscopy involves inserting the hysteroscope through the vagina and into the uterus. Unlike traditional surgeries that require incisions, hysteroscopy uses natural openings to access the uterus. This approach enables doctors to view the uterine cavity in real time and, if necessary, perform surgical procedures.

Types of Hysteroscopy

There are two main types of hysteroscopy:

1. Diagnostic Hysteroscopy: This is performed to identify the cause of symptoms such as abnormal bleeding or infertility. It helps in diagnosing conditions like uterine fibroids, polyps, or other abnormalities.
2. Operative Hysteroscopy: If a problem is identified during diagnostic hysteroscopy, the doctor may perform an operative hysteroscopy simultaneously. This involves using specialized tools inserted through the hysteroscope to treat the condition.

How Hysteroscopic Surgery Works

The procedure is typically done in the following steps:

1. Preparation: Before the surgery, patients may be advised to avoid eating or drinking for a certain period. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to prepare the cervix.
2. Anesthesia: Depending on the complexity of the procedure, local, regional, or general anesthesia may be used to ensure patient comfort.
3. Insertion of the Hysteroscope: The hysteroscope is gently inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. The light and camera at the tip of the hysteroscope allow the doctor to visualize the uterine cavity on a monitor.
4. Uterine Expansion: A sterile liquid or gas is introduced to expand the uterine cavity. This helps the doctor see the area more clearly.
5. Diagnosis or Treatment: For diagnostic purposes, the doctor examines the uterus for any abnormalities. If an operative procedure is required, additional instruments are passed through the hysteroscope to perform the surgery.
6. Completion: After the examination or treatment, the instruments are removed, and the procedure is concluded.

Common Applications of Hysteroscopic Surgery

Hysteroscopic surgery is used to address various gynecological conditions, including:

• Uterine Polyps: These are small growths on the uterine lining that can be removed during the procedure.
• Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can be treated hysteroscopically if they are inside the uterine cavity.
• Adhesions: Scar tissue in the uterus, also known as Asherman’s syndrome, can be removed to restore the normal shape of the uterine cavity.
• Septum: A congenital condition where a band of tissue divides the uterus, which can be corrected surgically.
• Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Hysteroscopy can help identify and sometimes treat the cause of excessive or irregular bleeding.

Preparing for Hysteroscopic Surgery

Before undergoing hysteroscopic surgery, patients usually have a consultation with their doctor. During this visit:

• Medical History: The doctor reviews the patient’s medical history, current medications, and any existing conditions.
• Physical Exam: A pelvic examination may be performed to ensure the patient is ready for the procedure.
• Instructions: The patient is provided with pre-operative guidelines, such as avoiding certain medications or fasting.

In some cases, additional tests like ultrasound or blood work may be required to assess the patient’s overall health.

What to Expect During the Procedure

Hysteroscopic surgery is often performed as an outpatient procedure, meaning patients can return home the same day. The duration of the procedure depends on its complexity, ranging from a few minutes for diagnostic hysteroscopy to longer for operative hysteroscopy.

Patients may feel mild discomfort during the insertion of the hysteroscope, but anesthesia is usually administered to minimize any pain. The expansion of the uterus with fluid or gas may also cause a sensation of fullness.

After the Procedure

Following hysteroscopic surgery, patients are observed for a short period to ensure they are stable before being discharged. Recovery times vary depending on the type of procedure performed.

Some patients may experience mild cramping or spotting after the procedure, which usually resolves on its own. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions regarding rest, activity levels, and any prescribed medications.

The Role of Technology in Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy relies on advanced medical tools and imaging technology. High-resolution cameras provide clear visuals of the uterine cavity, while specialized surgical instruments enable precise treatment of conditions. Innovations in hysteroscopic tools continue to enhance the effectiveness and safety of the procedure.

Follow-Up Care

After the procedure, follow-up appointments are important to monitor the patient’s recovery and ensure the success of the treatment. During these visits, the doctor may:

• Assess the healing process.
• Review any test results or findings from the procedure.
• Address any concerns or symptoms the patient may have.

Conclusion

Hysteroscopic surgery is a valuable technique in modern gynecology, offering a way to diagnose and treat a variety of uterine conditions. By using a minimally invasive approach, it allows doctors to visualize and address issues within the uterine cavity with precision. Whether for diagnostic purposes or operative procedures, hysteroscopy continues to play a significant role in advancing women’s healthcare.

Read More: Here’s what to expect before, during, and after a hysteroscopy.